When you sign a scorecard, the only numbers that need to be correct are your course handicap (if applicable) and your scores on individual holes. If you total your round's score incorrectly, there's no penalty. It's the committee's responsibility to tally them (and apply the handicap). RULE 33-5
• If you sign for a higher score than you actually had on a specific hole, there is no penalty, but you have to keep that score. If you sign for a lower score than you really made on a hole, you'll be disqualified. RULE 6-6D
• A marker is someone who keeps your score during a competitive round. At the end of the round, you have to make sure the scores the marker wrote down are correct. If you find an error, you and the marker can correct it before you turn in the signed card. Notify the committee if the marker isn't present—if you turn in the card before resolving the issue, you'll be disqualified. DECISION 6-6B/7
• In match play, if you give incorrect information—even if it's by accident—to your opponent about the number of strokes you've taken while playing, or after completing, a hole, and your opponent hits a shot or lifts her ball before you correct yourself, you lose the hole. RULE 9-2
• In stroke play, there is no penalty for giving incorrect information to a fellow-competitor, unless it was done to mislead. Doing so would be a serious breach of etiquette, resulting in disqualification. DECISION 9-3/1, RULE 33-7
• In stroke play, there is no penalty for giving incorrect information to a fellow-competitor, unless it was done to mislead. Doing so would be a serious breach of etiquette, resulting in disqualification. DECISION 9-3/1, RULE 33-7