Rules of Golf for Amateur Status

1.  The Game

• General - The Game of Golf consists of playing a ball with a club from the teeing ground into the hole by a stroke or successive strokes in accordance with the Rules.

• Exerting Influence on Movement of Ball or Altering Physical Conditions - (ii) alter physical conditions with the intent of affecting the playing of a hole. 

   Exceptions:

1.  An action expressly permitted or expressly prohibited by another Rule is subject to that other Rule, not Rule 1-2.
2.  An action taken for the sole purpose of caring for the course is not a breach of Rule

         * PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 1-2: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play        Two strokes. * In the case of a serious breach of Rule 1-2, the Committee may impose a penalty of disqualification. 

Note 1: A player is deemed to have committed a serious breach of Rule 1-2 if the Committee considers that the action taken in breach of this Rule has allowed him or another player to gain a significant advantage or has placed another player, other than his partner, at a significant disadvantage.

Note 2: In stroke play, except where a serious breach resulting in disqualification is involved, a player in breach of Rule 1-2 in relation to the movement of his own ball must play the ball from where it was stopped, or, if the ball was deflected, from where it came to rest. If the movement of a player’s ball has been intentionally influenced by a fellow-competitor or other outside agency, Rule 1-4 applies to the player (see Note to Rule 19-1).

• Agreement to Waive Rules - Players must not agree to exclude the operation of any Rule or to waive any penalty incurred. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 1-3: Match play – Disqualification of both sides; Stroke play – Disqualification of competitors concerned.
• Points Not Covered by Rules -  If any point in dispute is not covered by the Rules, the decision should be made in accordance with equity.

2. Match Play

• General - A match consists of one side playing against another over a stipulated round unless otherwise decreed by the Committee. In match play the game is played by holes. Except as otherwise provided in the Rules, a hole is won by the side that holes its ball in the fewer strokes. In a handicap match, the lower net score wins the hole. The state of the match is expressed by the terms: so many “holes up” or “all square”, and so many “to play”. A side is “dormie” when it is as many holes up as there are holes remaining to be played.

• Halved Hole - A hole is halved if each side holes out in the same number of strokes. When a player has holed out and his opponent has been left with a stroke for the half, if the player subsequently incurs a penalty, the hole is halved.

• Winner of Match - A match is won when one side leads by a number of holes greater than the number remaining to be played. If there is a tie, the Committee may extend the stipulated round by as many holes as are required for a match to be won.

• Concession of Match, Hole or Next Stroke - A player may concede a match at any time prior to the start or conclusion of that match. A player may concede a hole at any time prior to the start or conclusion of that hole. A player may concede his opponent's next stroke at any time, provided the opponent's ball is at rest. The opponent is considered to have holed out with his next stroke, and the ball may be removed by either side. A concession may not be declined or withdrawn. 

• Doubt as to Procedure; Disputes and Claims - In match play, if a doubt or dispute arises between the players, a player may make a claim. If no duly authorised representative of the Committee is available within a reasonable time, the players must continue the match without delay. The Committee may consider a claim only if it has been made in a timely manner and if the player making the claim has notified his opponent at the time

             (i) that he is making a claim or wants a ruling and

             (ii) of the facts upon which the claim or ruling is to be based. A claim is considered to have been made in a timely manner if, upon discovery of circumstances giving rise to a claim, the player makes his claim

             (i) before any player in the match plays from the next teeing ground, or

             (ii) in the case of the last hole of the match, before all players in the match leave the putting green, or

            (iii) when the circumstances giving rise to the claim are discovered after all the players in the match have left the putting green of the final hole, before the result of the match has been officially announced. A claim relating to a prior hole in the match may only be considered by the Committee if it is based on facts previously unknown to the player making the claim and he had been given wrong information (Rules 6-2a or 9) by an opponent. Such a claim must be made in a timely manner. Once the result of the match has been officially announced, a claim may not be considered by the Committee, unless it is satisfied that

           (i) the claim is based on facts which were previously unknown to the player making the claim at the time the result was officially announced

          (ii) the player making the claim had been given wrong information by an opponent

          (iii) the opponent knew he was giving wrong information. There is no time limit on considering such a claim.

• General Penalty - The penalty for a breach of a Rule in match play is loss of hole except when otherwise provided.

3. Stroke Play

• General; Winner - A stroke play competition consists of competitors completing each hole of a stipulated round or rounds and, for each round, returning a score card on which there is a gross score for each hole. Each competitor is playing against every other competitor in the competition. The competitor who plays the stipulated round or rounds in the fewest strokes is the winner. In a handicap competition, the competitor with the lowest net score for the stipulated round or rounds is the winner.
• Failure to Hole Out - If a competitor fails to hole out at any hole and does not correct his mistake before he makes a stroke on the next teeing ground or, in the case of the last hole of the round, before he leaves the putting green, he is disqualified.
• Doubt as to Procedure - a. Procedure In stroke play, if a competitor is doubtful of his rights or the correct procedure during the play of a hole, he may, without penalty, complete the hole with two balls. After the doubtful situation has arisen and before taking further action, the competitor must announce to his marker or fellow-competitor that he intends to play two balls and which ball he wishes to count if the Rules permit. The competitor must report the facts of the situation to the Committee before returning his score card. If he fails to do so, he is disqualified. Note: If the competitor takes further action before dealing with the doubtful situation, Rule 3-3 is not applicable. The score with the original ball counts or, if the original ball is not one of the balls being played, the score with the first ball put into play counts, even if the Rules do not allow the procedure adopted for that ball. However, the competitor incurs no penalty for having played a second ball, and any penalty strokes incurred solely by playing that ball do not count in his score. b. Determination of Score for Hole.

                    (i) If the ball that the competitor selected in advance to count has been played in accordance with the Rules, the score with that ball is the competitor’s score for the hole. Otherwise, the score with the other ball counts if the Rules allow the procedure adopted for that ball.  

                    (ii) If the competitor fails to announce in advance his decision to complete the hole with two balls, or which ball he wishes to count, the score with the original ball counts, provided it has been played in accordance with the Rules. If the original ball is not one of the balls being played, the first ball put into play counts, provided it has been played in accordance with the Rules. Otherwise, the score with the other ball counts if the Rules allow the procedure adopted for that ball.

• Refusal to Comply with a Rule - If a competitor refuses to comply with a Rule affecting the rights of another competitor, he is disqualified.
• General Penalty - The penalty for a breach of a Rule in stroke play is two strokes except when otherwise provided.

4. Clubs

• Form and Make of Clubs - a. General  The player’s clubs must conform with this Rule and the provisions, specifications and interpretations set forth in Appendix II.  Note: The Committee may require, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), that any driver the player carries must have a clubhead, identified by model and loft, that is named on the current List of Conforming Driver Heads issued by the R&A. b. Wear and Alteration  A club that conforms with the Rules when new is deemed to conform after wear through normal use. Any part of a club that has been purposely altered is regarded as new and must, in its altered state, conform with the Rules. *PENALTY FOR CARRYING, BUT NOT MAKING STROKE WITH, CLUB OR CLUBS IN BREACH OF RULE 4-1 or 4-2:  Match play - At the conclusion of the hole at which the breach is discovered, the state of the match is adjusted by deducting one hole for each hole at which a breach occurred; maximum deduction per round - Two holes.  Stroke play - Two strokes for each hole at which any breach occurred; maximum penalty per round - Four strokes (two strokes at each of the first two holes at which any breach occurred).  Match play or stroke play – If a breach is discovered between the play of two holes, it is deemed to have been discovered during play of the next hole, and the penalty must be applied accordingly.  Bogey and par competitions - See Note 1 to Rule 32-1a. Stableford competitions - See Note 1 to Rule 32-1b.  *Any club or clubs carried in breach of Rule 4-1 or 4-2 must be declared out of play by the player to his opponent in match play or his marker or a fellow-competitor in stroke play immediately upon discovery that a breach has occurred. If the player fails to do so, he is disqualified. 

• Playing Characteristics Changed and Foreign Material - a. Playing Characteristics Changed During a stipulated round, the playing characteristics of a club must not be purposely changed by adjustment or by any other means. b. Foreign Material Foreign material must not be applied to the club face for the purpose of influencing the movement of the ball. *PENALTY FOR CARRYING, BUT NOT MAKING STROKE WITH, CLUB OR CLUBS IN BREACH OF RULE 4-1 or 4-2: Match play - At the conclusion of the hole at which the breach is discovered, the state of the match is adjusted by deducting one hole for each hole at which a breach occurred; maximum deduction per round - Two holes. Stroke play - Two strokes for each hole at which any breach occurred; maximum penalty per round - Four strokes (two strokes at each of the first two holes at which any breach occurred). Match play or stroke play – If a breach is discovered between the play of two holes, it is deemed to have been discovered during play of the next hole, and the penalty must be applied accordingly. Bogey and par competitions - See Note 1 to Rule 32-1a. Stableford competitions - See Note 1 to Rule 32-1b. *Any club or clubs carried in breach of Rule 4-1 or 4-2 must be declared out of play by the player to his opponent in match play or his marker or a fellow-competitor in stroke play immediately upon discovery that a breach has occurred. If the player fails to do so, he is disqualified. 

• Damaged Clubs: Repair and Replacement - a. Damage in Normal Course of Play  If, during a stipulated round, a player’s club is damaged in the normal course of play, he may:

          (i) use the club in its damaged state for the remainder of the stipulated round; or

         (ii) without unduly delaying play, repair it or have it repaired; or

        (iii) as an additional option available only if the club is unfit for play, replace the  damaged club with any club.

   

       The replacement of a club must not unduly delay play (Rule 6-7) and must not be made by borrowing any club selected for play by any other person playing on the course or by assembling components carried by or for the player during the stipulated round.PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 4-3a. See Penalty Statements for Rule 4-4a or b, and Rule 4-4c. Note: A club is unfit for play if it is substantially damaged, e.g. the shaft is dented, significantly bent or breaks into pieces; the clubhead becomes loose, detached or significantly deformed; or the grip becomes loose. A club is not unfit for play solely because the club’s lie or loft has been altered, or the clubhead is scratched.b. Damage Other Than in Normal Course of Play.  If, during a stipulated round, a player’s club is damaged other than in the normal course of play rendering it non-conforming or changing its playing characteristics, the club must not subsequently be used or replaced during the round. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 4-3b: Disqualification. c. Damage Prior to Round A player may use a club damaged prior to a round, provided the club, in its damaged state, conforms with the Rules. Damage to a club that occurred prior to a round may be repaired during the round, provided the playing characteristics are not changed and play is not unduly delayed.

• Maximum of Fourteen Clubs - a. Selection and Addition of Clubs The player must not start a stipulated round with more than fourteen clubs. He is limited to the clubs thus selected for that round, except that if he started with fewer than fourteen clubs, he may add any number, provided his total number does not exceed fourteen. The addition of a club or clubs must not unduly delay play (Rule 6-7) and the player must not add or borrow any club selected for play by any other person playing on the course or by assembling components carried by or for the player during the stipulated round.      b. Partners May Share Clubs  Partners may share clubs, provided that the total number of clubs carried by the partners so sharing does not exceed fourteen. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 4-4a or b, REGARDLESS OF NUMBER OF EXCESS CLUBS CARRIED: Match play – At the conclusion of the hole at which the breach is discovered, the state of the match is adjusted by deducting one hole for each hole at which a breach occurred; maximum deduction per round – Two holes. Stroke play – Two strokes for each hole at which any breach occurred; maximum penalty per round – Four strokes (two strokes at each of the first two holes at which any breach occurred). Match play or stroke play – If a breach is discovered between the play of two holes, it is deemed to have been discovered during play of the hole just completed, and the penalty for a breach of Rule 4-4a or b does not apply to the next hole. Bogey and par competitions – See Note 1 to Rule 32-1a. Stableford competitions – See Note 1 to Rule 32-1b. c. Excess Club Declared Out of Play Any club or clubs carried or used in breach of Rule 4-3a(iii) or Rule 4-4 must be declared out of play by the player to his opponent in match play or his marker or a fellow-competitor in stroke play immediately upon discovery that a breach has occurred. The player must not use the club or clubs for the remainder of the stipulated round. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 4-4c: Disqualification. 

5. The Ball

• General - The ball the player plays must conform to the requirements specified in Appendix III. Note: The Committee may require, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), that the ball the player plays must be named on the current List of Conforming Golf Balls issued by the R&A.

• Foreign Material - The ball the player plays must not have foreign material applied to it for the purpose of changing its playing characteristics.

• Ball Unfit for Play - A ball is unfit for play if it is visibly cut, cracked or out of shape. A ball is not unfit for play solely because mud or other materials adhere to it, its surface is scratched or scraped or its paint is damaged or discoloured. If a player has reason to believe his ball has become unfit for play during play of the hole being played, he may lift the ball, without penalty, to determine whether it is unfit. Before lifting the ball, the player must announce his intention to his opponent in match play or his marker or a fellow-competitor in stroke play and mark the position of the ball. He may then lift and examine it, provided that he gives his opponent, marker or fellow-competitor an opportunity to examine the ball and observe the lifting and replacement. The ball must not be cleaned when lifted under Rule 5-3. If the player fails to comply with all or any part of this procedure, or if he lifts the ball without having reason to believe that it has become unfit for play during play of the hole being played, he incurs a penalty of one stroke. If it is determined that the ball has become unfit for play during play of the hole being played, the player may substitute another ball, placing it on the spot where the original ball lay. Otherwise, the original ball must be replaced. If a player substitutes a ball when not permitted and makes a stroke at the wrongly substituted ball, he incurs the general penalty for a breach of Rule 5-3, but there is no additional penalty under this Rule or Rule 15-2. If a ball breaks into pieces as a result of a stroke, the stroke is cancelled and the player must play a ball, without penalty, as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was played (see Rule 20-5). 

6. The Player

• Rules - The player and his caddie are responsible for knowing the Rules. During a stipulated round, for any breach of a Rule by his caddie, the player incurs the applicable penalty.

• Handicap - Before starting a match in a handicap competition, the players should determine from one another their respective handicaps. If a player begins a match having declared a handicap higher than that to which he is entitled and this affects the number of strokes given or received, he is disqualified; otherwise, the player must play off the declared handicap. b. Stroke Play-In any round of a handicap competition, the competitor must ensure that his handicap is recorded on his score card before it is returned to the Committee. If no handicap is recorded on his score card before it is returned (Rule 6-6b), or if the recorded handicap is higher than that to which he is entitled and this affects the number of strokes received, he is disqualified from the handicap competition; otherwise, the score stands.    Note: It is the player’s responsibility to know the holes at which handicap strokes are to be given or received.

• Time of Starting and Groups - a. Time of Starting -The player must start at the time established by the Committee. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-3a:  If the player arrives at his starting point, ready to play, within five minutes after his starting time, the penalty for failure to start on time is loss of the first hole in match play or two strokes at the first hole in stroke play. Otherwise, the penalty for breach of this Rule is disqualification. Bogey and par competitions – See Note 2 to Rule 32-1a. Stableford competitions – See Note 2 to Rule 32-1b.  Exception: Where the Committee determines that exceptional circumstances have prevented a player from starting on time, there is no penalty.       b. Groups -In stroke play, the competitor must remain throughout the round in the group arranged by the Committee, unless the Committee authorises or ratifies a change. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-3b:  Disqualification.

• Scoring in Stroke Play - a. Recording Scores  After each hole the marker should check the score with the competitor and record it. On completion of the round the marker must sign the score card and hand it to the competitor. If more than one marker records the scores, each must sign for the part for which he is responsible. b. Signing and Returning Score Card  After completion of the round, the competitor should check his score for each hole and settle any doubtful points with the Committee. He must ensure that the marker or markers have signed the score card, sign the score card himself and return it to the Committee as soon as possible. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-6b: Disqualification.  c. Alteration of Score Card  No alteration may be made on a score card after the competitor has returned it to the Committee. d. Wrong Score for Hole  The competitor is responsible for the correctness of the score recorded for each hole on his score card. If he returns a score for any hole lower than actually taken, he is disqualified. If he returns a score for any hole higher than actually taken, the score as returned stands. 

• Undue Delay; Slow Play - that the Committee may establish. Between completion of a hole and playing from the next teeing ground, the player must not unduly delay play. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-7:  Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. Bogey and par competitions – See Note 2 to Rule 32-1a.  Stableford competitions – See Note 2 to Rule 32-1b. For subsequent offence – Disqualification.  Note 1: If the player unduly delays play between holes, he is delaying the play of the next hole and, except for bogey, par and Stableford competitions (see Rule 32), the penalty applies to that hole. Note 2: For the purpose of preventing slow play, the Committee may, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), establish pace of play guidelines including maximum periods of time allowed to complete a stipulated round, a hole or a stroke. In match play, the Committee may, in such a condition, modify the penalty for a breach of this Rule as follows:     First offence – Loss of hole;  Second offence – Loss of hole;  For subsequent offence – Disqualification.  In stroke play, the Committee may, in such a condition, modify the penalty for a breach of this Rule as follows: First offence – One stroke;  Second offence – Two strokes;  For subsequent offence – Disqualification. 

• Discontinuance of Play; Resumption of Play - a. When Permitted  The player must not discontinue play unless: (i) the Committee has suspended play;  (ii) he believes there is danger from lightning;  (iii) he is seeking a decision from the Committee on a doubtful or disputed point (see Rules 2-5 and 34-3); or  (iv) there is some other good reason such as sudden illness. Bad weather is not of itself a good reason for discontinuing play.  If the player discontinues play without specific permission from the Committee, he must report to the Committee as soon as practicable. If he does so and the Committee considers his reason satisfactory, there is no penalty. Otherwise, the player is disqualified. Exception in match play: Players discontinuing match play by agreement are not subject to disqualification, unless by so doing the competition is delayed.  Note: Leaving the course does not of itself constitute discontinuance of play. b. Procedure When Play Suspended by Committee. When play is suspended by the Committee, if the players in a match or group are between the play of two holes, they must not resume play until the Committee has ordered a resumption of play. If they have started play of a hole, they may discontinue play immediately or continue play of the hole, provided they do so without delay. If the players choose to continue play of the hole, they are permitted to discontinue play before completing it. In any case, play must be discontinued after the hole is completed. The players must resume play when the Committee has ordered a resumption of play. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-8b: Disqualification.  Note: The Committee may provide, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), that in potentially dangerous situations play must be discontinued immediately following a suspension of play by the Committee. If a player fails to discontinue play immediately, he is disqualified, unless circumstances warrant waiving the penalty as provided in Rule 33-7.  c. Lifting Ball When Play Discontinued.  When a player discontinues play of a hole under Rule 6-8a, he may lift his ball, without penalty, only if the Committee has suspended play or there is a good reason to lift it. Before lifting the ball the player must mark its position. If the player discontinues play and lifts his ball without specific permission from the Committee, he must, when reporting to the Committee (Rule 6-8a), report the lifting of the ball.  If the player lifts the ball without a good reason to do so, fails to mark the position of the ball before lifting it or fails to report the lifting of the ball, he incurs a penalty of one stroke. d. Procedure When Play Resumed  Play must be resumed from where it was discontinued, even if resumption occurs on a subsequent day. The player must, either before or when play is resumed, proceed as follows:  (i) if the player has lifted the ball, he must, provided he was entitled to lift it under Rule 6-8c, place the original ball or a substituted ball on the spot from which the original ball was lifted. Otherwise, the original ball must be replaced;  (ii) if the player has not lifted his ball, he may, provided he was entitled to lift it under Rule 6-8c, lift, clean and replace the ball, or substitute a ball, on the spot from which the original ball was lifted. Before lifting the ball he must mark its position; or  (iii) if the player’s ball or ball-marker is moved (including by wind or water) while play is discontinued, a ball or ball-marker must be placed on the spot from which the original ball or ball-marker was moved.  Note: If the spot where the ball is to be placed is impossible to determine, it must be estimated and the ball placed on the estimated spot.The provisions of Rule 20-3c do not apply.  *PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 6-8d: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes.  *If a player incurs the general penalty for a breach of Rule 6-8d, there is no additional penalty under Rule 6-8c. 

7. Practice 

• Before or Between Rounds - On any day of a match play competition, a player may practise on the competition course before a round. b. Stroke Play - Before a round or play-off on any day of a stroke play competition, a competitor must not practise on the competition course or test the surface of any putting green on the course by rolling a ball or roughening or scraping the surface. When two or more rounds of a stroke play competition are to be played over consecutive days, a competitor must not practise between those rounds on any competition course remaining to be played, or test the surface of any putting green on such course by rolling a ball or roughening or scraping the surface. Exception: Practice putting or chipping on or near the first teeing ground or any practice area before starting a round or play-off is permitted.  PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 7-1b: Disqualification.  Note: The Committee may, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), prohibit practice on the competition course on any day of a match play competition or permit practice on the competition course or part of the course (Rule 33-2c) on any day of or between rounds of a stroke play competition.

• During Round - A player must not make a practice stroke during play of a hole. Between the play of two holes a player must not make a practice stroke, except that he may practise putting or chipping on or near: a. the putting green of the hole last played, b. any practice putting green, or c. the teeing ground of the next hole to be played in the round, provided a practice stroke is not made from a hazard and does not unduly delay play (Rule 6-7). Strokes made in continuing the play of a hole, the result of which has been decided, are not practice strokes.  Exception: When play has been suspended by the Committee, a player may, prior to resumption of play, practise (a) as provided in this Rule, (b) anywhere other than on the competition course and (c) as otherwise permitted by the Committee.  PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 7-2:  Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes.  In the event of a breach between the play of two holes, the penalty applies to the next hole.  Note 1: A practice swing is not a practice stroke and may be taken at any place, provided the player does not breach the Rules. Note 2: The Committee may, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), prohibit:  (a) practice on or near the putting green of the hole last played, and (b) rolling a ball on the putting green of the hole last played.

8. Advice; Indicating Line of Play

• Advice - During a stipulated round, a player must not:  a. give advice to anyone in the competition playing on the course other than his partner, or  b. ask for advice from anyone other than his partner or either of their caddies.

• Indicating Line of Play - a. Other Than on Putting Green. Except on the putting green, a player may have the line of play indicated to him by anyone, but no one may be positioned by the player on or close to the line or an extension of the line beyond the hole while the stroke is being made. Any mark placed by the player or with his knowledge to indicate the line must be removed before the stroke is made. Exception: Flagstick attended or held up – see Rule 17-1. b. On the Putting Green. When the player’s ball is on the putting green, the player, his partner or either of their caddies may, before but not during the stroke, point out a line for putting, but in so doing the putting green must not be touched. A mark must not be placed anywhere to indicate a line for putting.

9. Information as to Strokes Taken

• General - The number of strokes a player has taken includes any penalty strokes incurred.

• Match Play - a. Information as to Strokes Taken. An opponent is entitled to ascertain from the player, during the play of a hole, the number of strokes he has taken and, after play of a hole, the number of strokes taken on the hole just completed. b. Wrong Information.  A player must not give wrong information to his opponent. If a player gives wrong information, he loses the hole. A player is deemed to have given wrong information if he:  (i) fails to inform his opponent as soon as practicable that he has incurred a penalty, unless (a) he was obviously proceeding under a Rule involving a penalty and this was observed by his opponent, or (b) he corrects the mistake before his opponent makes his next stroke; or  (ii) gives incorrect information during play of a hole regarding the number of strokes taken and does not correct the mistake before his opponent makes his next stroke; or (iii) gives incorrect information regarding the number of strokes taken to complete a hole and this affects the opponent’s understanding of the result of the hole, unless he corrects the mistake before any player makes a stroke from the next teeing ground or, in the case of the last hole of the match, before all players leave the putting green. A player has given wrong information even if it is due to the failure to include a penalty that he did not know he had incurred. It is the player’s responsibility to know the Rules.

• Stroke Play - A competitor who has incurred a penalty should inform his marker as soon as practicable.

10. Order of Play

• Match Play - a. When Starting Play of Hole. The side that has the honour at the first teeing ground is determined by the order of the draw. In the absence of a draw, the honour should be decided by lot. The side that wins a hole takes the honour at the next teeing ground. If a hole has been halved, the side that had the honour at the previous teeing ground retains it.  b. During Play of Hole  After both players have started play of the hole, the ball farther from the hole is played first. If the balls are equidistant from the hole or their positions relative to the hole are not determinable, the ball to be played first should be decided by lot.  Exception: Rule 30-3b (best-ball and four-ball match play). Note: When it becomes known that the original ball is not to be played as it lies and the player is required to play a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5), the order of play is determined by the spot from which the previous stroke was made. When a ball may be played from a spot other than where the previous stroke was made, the order of play is determined by the position where the original ball came to rest. c. Playing Out of Turn If a player plays when his opponent should have played, there is no penalty, but the opponent may immediately require the player to cancel the stroke so made and, in correct order, play a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5).

• Stroke Play - a. When Starting Play of Hole. The competitor who has the honour at the first teeing ground is determined by the order of the draw. In the absence of a draw, the honour should be decided by lot. The competitor with the lowest score at a hole takes the honour at the next teeing ground. The competitor with the second lowest score plays next and so on. If two or more competitors have the same score at a hole, they play from the next teeing ground in the same order as at the previous teeing ground. Exception: Rule 32-1 (handicap bogey, par and Stableford competitions). b. During Play of Hole  After the competitors have started play of the hole, the ball farthest from the hole is played first. If two or more balls are equidistant from the hole or their positions relative to the hole are not determinable, the ball to be played first should be decided by lot. Exceptions: Rules 22 (ball assisting and interfering with play) and 31-4 (four-ball stroke play).     Note: When it becomes known that the original ball is not to be played as it lies and the competitor is required to play a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5), the order of play is determined by the spot from which the previous stroke was made. When a ball may be played from a spot other than where the previous stroke was made, the order of play is determined by the position where the original ball came to rest. c. Playing Out of Turn If a competitor plays out of turn, there is no penalty and the ball is played as it lies. If, however, the Committee determines that competitors have agreed to play out of turn to give one of them an advantage, they are disqualified.  (Making stroke while another ball in motion after stroke from putting green – see Rule 16-1f)  (Incorrect order of play in foursome stroke play – see Rule 29-3)

• Provisional Ball or Another Ball from Teeing Ground - If a player plays a provisional ball or another ball from the teeing ground, he must do so after his opponent or fellow-competitor has made his first stroke. If more than one player elects to play a provisional ball or is required to play another ball from the teeing ground, the original order of play must be retained. If a player plays a provisional ball or another ball out of turn, Rule 10-1c or 10-2c applies.

11. Teeing Ground

• Teeing - When a player is putting a ball into play from the teeing ground, it must be played from within the teeing ground and from the surface of the ground or from a conforming tee (see Appendix IV) in or on the surface of the ground. For the purposes of this Rule, the surface of the ground includes an irregularity of surface (whether or not created by the player) and sand or other natural substance (whether or not placed by the player). If a player makes a stroke at a ball on a non-conforming tee, or at a ball teed in a manner not permitted by this Rule, he is disqualified. A player may stand outside the teeing ground to play a ball within it.

• Tee-Markers - Before a player makes his first stroke with any ball on the teeing ground of the hole being played, the tee-markers are deemed to be fixed. In these circumstances, if the player moves or allows to be moved a tee-marker for the purpose of avoiding interference with his stance, the area of his intended swing or his line of play, he incurs the penalty for a breach of Rule 13-2.

• Ball Falling off Tee - If a ball, when not in play, falls off a tee or is knocked off a tee by the player in addressing it, it may be re-teed, without penalty. However, if a stroke is made at the ball in these circumstances, whether the ball is moving or not, the stroke counts, but there is no penalty.

• Playing from Outside Teeing Ground - If a player, when starting a hole, plays a ball from outside the teeing ground, there is no penalty, but the opponent may immediately require the player to cancel the stroke and play a ball from within the teeing ground. b. Stroke Play  If a competitor, when starting a hole, plays a ball from outside the teeing ground, he incurs a penalty of two strokes and must then play a ball from within the teeing ground. If the competitor makes a stroke from the next teeing ground without first correcting his mistake or, in the case of the last hole of the round, leaves the putting green without first declaring his intention to correct his mistake, he is disqualified. The stroke from outside the teeing ground and any subsequent strokes by the competitor on the hole prior to his correction of the mistake do not count in his score.

12. Searching for and Identifying Ball

• Seeing Ball; Searching for Ball - A player is not necessarily entitled to see his ball when making a stroke. In searching for his ball anywhere on the course, the player may touch or bend long grass, rushes, bushes, whins, heather or the like, but only to the extent necessary to find or identify the ball, provided that this does not improve the lie of the ball, the area of his intended stance or swing or his line of play; if the ball is moved, Rule 18-2a applies except as provided in clauses (a) – (d) of this Rule. In addition to the methods of searching for and identifying a ball that are otherwise permitted by the Rules, the player may also search for and identify a ball under Rule 12-1 as follows:  a. Searching for or Identifying Ball Covered by Sand. If the player’s ball lying anywhere on the course is believed to be covered by sand, to the extent that he cannot find or identify it, he may, without penalty, touch or move the sand in order to find or identify the ball. If the ball is found, and identified as his, the player must re-create the lie as nearly as possible by replacing the sand. If the ball is moved during the touching or moving of sand while searching for or identifying the ball, there is no penalty; the ball must be replaced and the lie re-created. In re-creating a lie under this Rule, the player is permitted to leave a small part of the ball visible. b. Searching for or Identifying Ball Covered by Loose Impediments in Hazard  In a hazard, if the player’s ball is believed to be covered by loose impediments to the extent that he cannot find or identify it, he may, without penalty, touch or move loose impediments in order to find or identify the ball. If the ball is found or identified as his, the player must replace the loose impediments. If the ball is moved during the touching or moving of loose impediments while searching for or identifying the ball, Rule 18-2a applies; if the ball is moved during the replacement of the loose impediments, there is no penalty and the ball must be replaced. If the ball was entirely covered by loose impediments, the player must re-cover the ball but is permitted to leave a small part of the ball visible. c. Searching for Ball in Water in Water Hazard  If a ball is believed to be lying in water in a water hazard, the player may, without penalty, probe for it with a club or otherwise. If the ball in water is accidentally moved while probing, there is no penalty; the ball must be replaced, unless the player elects to proceed under Rule 26-1. If the moved ball was not lying in water or the ball was accidentally moved by the player other than while probing, Rule 18-2a applies. d. Searching for Ball Within Obstruction or Abnormal Ground Condition  If a ball lying in or on an obstruction or in an abnormal ground condition is accidentally moved during search, there is no penalty; the ball must be replaced unless the player elects to proceed under Rule 24-1b, 24-2b or 25-1b as applicable. If the player replaces the ball, he may still proceed under one of those Rules, if applicable.

• Lifting Ball for Identification - The responsibility for playing the proper ball rests with the player. Each player should put an identification mark on his ball. If a player believes that a ball at rest might be his, but he cannot identify it, the player may lift the ball for identification, without penalty. The right to lift a ball for identification is in addition to the actions permitted under Rule 12-1. Before lifting the ball, the player must announce his intention to his opponent in match play or his marker or a fellow-competitor in stroke play and mark the position of the ball. He may then lift the ball and identify it, provided that he gives his opponent, marker or fellow-competitor an opportunity to observe the lifting and replacement. The ball must not be cleaned beyond the extent necessary for identification when lifted under Rule 12-2. If the ball is the player’s ball and he fails to comply with all or any part of this procedure, or he lifts his ball in order to identify it without good reason to do so, he incurs a penalty of one stroke. If the lifted ball is the player’s ball, he must replace it. If he fails to do so, he incurs the general penalty for a breach of Rule 12-2, but there is no additional penalty under this Rule. Note: If the original lie of a ball to be replaced has been altered, see Rule 20-3b. 

13. Ball Played as it lies 

• General - The ball must be played as it lies, except as otherwise provided in the Rules. (Ball at rest moved)

• Improving Lie, Area of Intended Stance or Swing, or Line of Play - A player must not improve or allow to be improved: the position or lie of his ball, the area of his intended stance or swing,  his line of play or a reasonable extension of that line beyond the hole, or the area in which he is to drop or place a ball, by any of the following actions: pressing a club on the ground, moving, bending or breaking anything growing or fixed (including immovable obstructions and objects defining out of bounds), creating or eliminating irregularities of surface, removing or pressing down sand, loose soil, replaced divots or other cut turf placed in position, or removing dew, frost or water. However, the player incurs no penalty if the action occurs: in grounding the club lightly when addressing the ball,  in fairly taking his stance, in making a stroke or the backward movement of his club for a stroke and the stroke is made, in creating or eliminating irregularities of surface within the teeing ground or in removing dew, frost or water from the teeing ground, or on the putting green in removing sand and loose soil or in repairing damage (Rule 16-1). 

• Building Stance - A player is entitled to place his feet firmly in taking his stance, but he must not build a stance. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

• Ball in Hazard; Prohibited Actions - Except as provided in the Rules, before making a stroke at a ball that is in a hazard (whether a bunker or a water hazard) or that, having been lifted from a hazard, may be dropped or placed in the hazard, the player must not:

          a. Test the condition of the hazard or any similar hazard; 

          b. Touch the ground in the hazard or water in the water hazard with his hand or a club; or  

          c. Touch or move a loose impediment lying in or touching the hazard.

 

 Exceptions:                

 

1. Provided nothing is done that constitutes testing the condition of the hazard or improves the lie of the ball, there is no penalty if the player

 

         (a) touches the ground or loose impediments in any hazard or water in a water hazard as a result of or to prevent falling, in removing an obstruction, in measuring or in marking the position of, retrieving, lifting, placing or replacing a ball under any Rule or

         (b) places his clubs in a hazard.

 

2. At any time, the player may smooth sand or soil in a hazard provided this is for the sole purpose of caring for the course and nothing is done to breach Rule 13-2 with respect to the next stroke. If a ball played from a hazard is outside the hazard after the stroke, the player may smooth sand or soil in the hazard without restriction.  

 

3. If the player makes a stroke from a hazard and the ball comes to rest in another hazard, Rule 13-4a does not apply to any subsequent actions taken in the hazard from which the stroke was made.  Note: At any time, including at address or in the backward movement for the stroke, the player may touch, with a club or otherwise, any obstruction, any construction declared by the Committee to be an integral part of the course or any grass, bush, tree or other growing thing.

14. Striking the Ball

• Ball to be Fairly Struck At - The ball must be fairly struck at with the head of the club and must not be pushed, scraped or spooned. 

• Assistance - a. Physical Assistance and Protection from Elements. A player must not make a stroke while accepting physical assistance or protection from the elements. b. Positioning of Caddie or Partner Behind Ball A player must not make a stroke with his caddie, his partner or his partner's caddie positioned on or close to an extension of the line of play or line of putt behind the ball. Exception: There is no penalty if the player’s caddie, his partner or his partner's caddie is inadvertently located on or close to an extension of the line of play or line of putt behind the ball.

• Artificial Devices, Unusual Equipment and Unusual Use of Equipment - The R&A reserves the right, at any time, to change the Rules relating to artificial devices, unusual equipment and the unusual use of equipment, and to make or change the interpretations relating to these Rules. A player in doubt as to whether use of an item would constitute a breach of Rule 14-3 should consult the R&A.  A manufacturer should submit to the R&A a sample of an item to be manufactured for a ruling as to whether its use during a stipulated round would cause a player to be in breach of Rule 14-3. The sample becomes the property of the R&A for reference purposes. If a manufacturer fails to submit a sample or, having submitted a sample, fails to await a ruling before manufacturing and/or marketing the item, the manufacturer assumes the risk of a ruling that use of the item would be contrary to the Rules.Except as provided in the Rules, during a stipulated round the player must not use any artificial device or unusual equipment (see Appendix IV for detailed specifications and interpretations), or use any equipment in an unusual manner:  

         a. That might assist him in making a stroke or in his play; or      
         b. For the purpose of gauging or measuring distance or conditions that might affect his play; or
         c. That might assist him in gripping the club, except that:
                       (i) gloves may be worn provided that they are plain gloves; 
                      (ii) resin, powder and drying or moisturising agents may be used; and  
                      (iii) a towel or handkerchief may be wrapped around the grip.

 Exceptions:  

1. A player is not in breach of this Rule if
        (a) the equipment or device is designed for or has the effect of alleviating a medical condition,
        (b) the player has a legitimate medical reason to use the equipment or device, and
        (c) the Committee is satisfied that its use does not give the player any undue advantage over other players.

2. A player is not in breach of this Rule if he uses equipment in a traditionally accepted manner. 

• Striking the Ball More Than Once - If a player’s club strikes the ball more than once in the course of a stroke, the player must count the stroke and add a penalty stroke, making two strokes in all.

• Playing Moving Ball - A player must not make a stroke at his ball while it is moving.        

          Exceptions:  Ball falling off tee – Rule 11-3.  Striking the ball more than once – Rule 14-4.  Ball moving in water – Rule 14-6. When the ball begins to move only after the player has begun the stroke or the backward movement of his club for the stroke, he incurs no penalty under this Rule for playing a moving ball, but he is not exempt from any penalty under the following Rules: Ball at rest moved by player – Rule 18-2a. Ball at rest moving after address – Rule 18-2b. (Ball purposely deflected or stopped by player, partner or caddie – see Rule 1-2).

• Ball Moving in Water - When a ball is moving in water in a water hazard, the player may, without penalty, make a stroke, but he must not delay making his stroke in order to allow the wind or current to improve the position of the ball. A ball moving in water in a water hazard may be lifted if the player elects to invoke

15. Substituted Ball; Wrong Ball

• General - A player must hole out with the ball played from the teeing ground, unless the ball is lost or out of bounds or the player substitutes another ball, whether or not substitution is permitted

• Substituted Ball - A player may substitute a ball when proceeding under a Rule that permits the player to play, drop or place another ball in completing the play of a hole. The substituted ball becomes the ball in play. If a player substitutes a ball when not permitted to do so under the Rules, that substituted ball is not a wrong ball; it becomes the ball in play. If the mistake is not corrected as provided and the player makes a stroke at a wrongly substituted ball, he loses the hole in match play or incurs a penalty of two strokes in stroke play under the applicable Rule and, in stroke play, must play out the hole with the substituted ball. Exception: If a player incurs a penalty for making a stroke from a wrong place, there is no additional penalty for substituting a ball when not permitted.

• Wrong Ball - a. Match Play - If a player makes a stroke at a wrong ball, he loses the hole.  If the wrong ball belongs to another player, its owner must place a ball on the spot from which the wrong ball was first played. If the player and opponent exchange balls during the play of a hole, the first to make a stroke at a wrong ball loses the hole; when this cannot be determined, the hole must be played out with the balls exchanged. Exception: There is no penalty if a player makes a stroke at a wrong ball that is moving in water in a water hazard. Any strokes made at a wrong ball moving in water in a water hazard do not count in the player’s score. The player must correct his mistake by playing the correct ball or by proceeding under the Rules. b. Stroke Play - If a competitor makes a stroke or strokes at a wrong ball, he incurs a penalty of two strokes. The competitor must correct his mistake by playing the correct ball or by proceeding under the Rules. If he fails to correct his mistake before making a stroke on the next teeing ground or, in the case of the last hole of the round, fails to declare his intention to correct his mistake before leaving the putting green, he is disqualified. Strokes made by a competitor with a wrong ball do not count in his score. If the wrong ball belongs to another competitor, its owner must place a ball on the spot from which the wrong ball was first played. Exception: There is no penalty if a competitor makes a stroke at a wrong ball that is moving in water in a water hazard. Any strokes made at a wrong ball moving in water in a water hazard do not count in the competitor’s score. 

16. The Putting Green

• General

a. Touching Line of Putt -The line of putt must not be touched except:

 

         (i) the player may remove loose impediments, provided he does not press anything down;

        (ii) the player may place the club in front of the ball when addressing it, provided he does not press anything down;

        (iii) in measuring

        (iv) in lifting or replacing the ball

       (v) in pressing down a ball-marker;

       (vi) in repairing old hole plugs or ball marks on the putting green

      (vii) in removing movable obstructions.

 

b. Lifting and Cleaning Ball. A ball on the putting green may be lifted and, if desired, cleaned. The position of the ball must be marked before it is lifted and the ball must be replaced (see Rule 20-1). When another ball is in motion, a ball that might influence the movement of the ball in motion must not be lifted.      

 

c. Repair of Hole Plugs, Ball Marks and Other Damage. The player may repair an old hole plug or damage to the putting green caused by the impact of a ball, whether or not the player’s ball lies on the putting green. If a ball or ball-marker is accidentally moved in the process of the repair, the ball or ball-marker must be replaced. There is no penalty, provided the movement of the ball or ball-marker is directly attributable to the specific act of repairing an old hole plug or damage to the putting green caused by the impact of a ball. Otherwise, Rule 18 applies. Any other damage to the putting green must not be repaired if it might assist the player in his subsequent play of the hole.

 

 d. Testing Surface During the stipulated round, a player must not test the surface of any putting green by rolling a ball or roughening or scraping the surface. Exception: Between the play of two holes, a player may test the surface of any practice putting green and the putting green of the hole last played, unless the Committee has prohibited such action (see Note 2 to Rule 7-2).

 

e. Standing Astride or on Line of Putt The player must not make a stroke on the putting green from a stance astride, or with either foot touching, the line of putt or an extension of that line behind the ball. Exception: There is no penalty if the stance is inadvertently taken on or astride the line of putt (or an extension of that line behind the ball) or is taken to avoid standing on another player’s line of putt or prospective line of putt.

 

 f. Making Stroke While Another Ball in Motion. The player must not make a stroke while another ball is in motion after a stroke from the putting green, except that if a player does so, there is no penalty if it was his turn to play.

• Ball Overhanging Hole - When any part of the ball overhangs the lip of the hole, the player is allowed enough time to reach the hole without unreasonable delay and an additional ten seconds to determine whether the ball is at rest. If by then the ball has not fallen into the hole, it is deemed to be at rest. If the ball subsequently falls into the hole, the player is deemed to have holed out with his last stroke, and must add a penalty stroke to his score for the hole; otherwise, there is no penalty under this Rule. 

17. The Flagstick

• Flagstick Attended, Removed or Held Up - Before making a stroke from anywhere on the course, the player may have the flagstick attended, removed or held up to indicate the position of the hole.     If the flagstick is not attended, removed or held up before the player makes a stroke, it must not be attended, removed or held up during the stroke or while the player’s ball is in motion if doing so might influence the movement of the ball.

         Note 1: If the flagstick is in the hole and anyone stands near it while a stroke is being made, he is deemed to be attending the flagstick.

         Note 2: If, prior to the stroke, the flagstick is attended, removed or held up by anyone with the player’s knowledge and he makes no objection, the player is deemed to have authorised it.

        Note 3: If anyone attends or holds up the flagstick while a stroke is being made, he is deemed to be attending the flagstick until the ball comes to rest. 

• Unauthorised Attendance - If an opponent or his caddie in match play or a fellow-competitor or his caddie in stroke play, without the player’s authority or prior knowledge, attends, removes or holds up the flagstick during the stroke or while the ball is in motion, and the act might influence the movement of the ball, the opponent or fellow-competitor incurs the applicable penalty.

• Ball Striking Flagstick or Attendant - The player’s ball must not strike: 

            a. The flagstick when it is attended, removed or held up;

            b. The person attending or holding up the flagstick or anything carried by him; or

           c. The flagstick in the hole, unattended, when the stroke has been made on the putting green. 

• Ball Resting Against Flagstick - When a player’s ball rests against the flagstick in the hole and the ball is not holed, the player or another person authorised by him may move or remove the flagstick, and if the ball falls into the hole, the player is deemed to have holed out with his last stroke; otherwise, the ball, if moved, must be placed on the lip of the hole, without penalty.

18. Ball at Rest Moved

• By Outside Agency - If a ball at rest is moved by an outside agency, there is no penalty and the ball must be replaced.

      Note: It is a question of fact whether a ball has been moved by an outside agency. In order to apply this Rule, it must be known or virtually certain that an outside agency has moved the ball. 

• By Player, Partner, Caddie or Equipment 

 a. General - Except as permitted by the Rules, when a player's ball is in play, if: 

            (i) the player, his partner or either of their caddies: lifts or moves the ball, touches it purposely (except with a club in the act of addressing the ball), or causes the ball to move, or 

          (ii) the equipment of the player or his partner causes the ball to move, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke. If the ball is moved, it must be replaced, unless the movement of the ball occurs after the player has begun the stroke or the backward movement of the club for the stroke and the stroke is made.Under the Rules there is no penalty if a player accidentally causes his ball to move in the following circumstances: In searching for a ball covered by sand, in the replacement of loose impediments moved in a hazard while finding or identifying a ball, in probing for a ball lying in water in a water hazard or in searching for a ball in an obstruction or an abnormal ground condition - Rule 12-1. In repairing a hole plug or ball mark. In measuring. In lifting a ball under a Rule. In placing or replacing a ball under a Rule. In removing a loose impediment on the putting green. In removing movable obstructions.

 b. Ball Moving After Address - If a player's ball in play moves after he has addressed it (other than as a result of a stroke), the player is deemed to have moved the ball and incurs a penalty of one stroke. The ball must be replaced, unless the movement of the ball occurs after the player has begun the stroke or the backward movement of the club for the stroke and the stroke is made. Exception: If it is known or virtually certain that the player did not cause his ball to move, Rule 18-2b does not apply.

• By Opponent, Caddie or Equipment in Match Play - If, during search for a player’s ball, an opponent, his caddie or his equipment moves the ball, touches it or causes it to move, there is no penalty. If the ball is moved, it must be replaced. b. Other Than During Search.  If, other than during search for a player’s ball, an opponent, his caddie or his equipment moves the ball, touches it purposely or causes it to move, except as otherwise provided in the Rules, the opponent incurs a penalty of one stroke. If the ball is moved, it must be replaced.

• By Fellow-Competitor, Caddie or Equipment in Stroke Play - If a fellow-competitor, his caddie or his equipment moves the player’s ball, touches it or causes it to move, there is no penalty. If the ball is moved, it must be replaced. 

• By Another Ball - If a ball in play and at rest is moved by another ball in motion after a stroke, the moved ball must be replaced.

• Ball Moved in Measuring - If a ball or ball-marker is moved in measuring while proceeding under or in determining the application of a Rule, the ball or ball-marker must be replaced. There is no penalty, provided the movement of the ball or ball-marker is directly attributable to the specific act of measuring. Otherwise, the provisions of Rules 18-2a, 18-3b or 18-4 apply. 

19. Ball in Motion Deflected or stopped

• By Outside Agency - If a player's ball in motion is accidentally deflected or stopped by any outside agency, it is a rub of the green, there is no penalty and the ball must be played as it lies, except:a. If a player's ball in motion after a stroke other than on the putting green comes to rest in or on any moving or animate outside agency, the ball must through the green or in a hazard be dropped, or on the putting green be placed, as near as possible to the spot directly under the place where the ball came to rest in or on the outside agency, but not nearer the hole, and b. If a player's ball in motion after a stroke on the putting green is deflected or stopped by, or comes to rest in or on, any moving or animate outside agency, except a worm, insect or the like, the stroke is cancelled.  The ball must be replaced and replayed.If the ball is not immediately recoverable, another ball may be substituted.Exception: Ball striking person attending or holding up flagstick or anything carried by him.

• By Player, Partner, Caddie or Equipment - If a player’s ball is accidentally deflected or stopped by himself, his partner or either of their caddies or equipment, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke. The ball must be played as it lies, except when it comes to rest in or on the player’s, his partner’s or either of their caddies’ clothes or equipment, in which case the ball must through the green or in a hazard be dropped, or on the putting green be placed, as near as possible to the spot directly under the place where the ball came to rest in or on the article, but not nearer the hole.

• By Opponent, Caddie or Equipment in Match Play -If a player’s ball is accidentally deflected or stopped by an opponent, his caddie or his equipment, there is no penalty. The player may, before another stroke is made by either side, cancel the stroke and play a ball, without penalty, as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (Rule 20-5) or he may play the ball as it lies. However, if the player elects not to cancel the stroke and the ball has come to rest in or on the opponent’s or his caddie’s clothes or equipment, the ball must through the green or in a hazard be dropped, or on the putting green be placed, as near as possible to the spot directly under the place where the ball came to rest in or on the article, but not nearer the hole.Exception: Ball striking person attending or holding up flagstick or anything carried by him – see 17-3b.(Ball purposely deflected or stopped by opponent or caddie – see Rule 1-2)PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE:Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes.

• By Fellow-Competitor, Caddie or Equipment in Stroke Play - See Rule 19-1 regarding ball deflected by outside agency.Exception: Ball striking person attending or holding up flagstick or anything carried by him – see Rule 17-3b. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE:Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes.

• By Another Ball 

           a.) At Rest -If a player’s ball in motion after a stroke is deflected or stopped by a ball in play and at rest, the player must play his ball as it lies. In match play, there is no penalty. In stroke play, there is no penalty, unless both balls lay on the putting green prior to the stroke, in which case the player incurs a penalty of two strokes.

          b.) In Motion - If a player’s ball in motion after a stroke other than on the putting green is deflected or stopped by another ball in motion after a stroke, the player must play his ball as it lies, without penalty. If a player's ball in motion after a stroke on the putting green is deflected or stopped by another ball in motion after a stroke, the player's stroke is cancelled. The ball must be replaced and replayed, without penalty.

 

Note: Nothing in this Rule overrides the provisions of Rule 10-1 (Order of Play in Match Play) or Rule 16-1f (Making Stroke While Another Ball in Motion).PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE:Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes.

20. Lifting, Dropping and Placing; Playing from Wrong Place

• Lifting and Marking - A ball to be lifted under the Rules may be lifted by the player, his partner or another person authorised by the player. In any such case, the player is responsible for any breach of the Rules. The position of the ball must be marked before it is lifted under a Rule that requires it to be replaced. If it is not marked, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke and the ball must be replaced. If it is not replaced, the player incurs the general penalty for breach of this Rule but there is no additional penalty under Rule 20-1.If a ball or ball-marker is accidentally moved in the process of lifting the ball under a Rule or marking its position, the ball or ball-marker must be replaced. There is no penalty, provided the movement of the ball or ball-marker is directly attributable to the specific act of marking the position of or lifting the ball. Otherwise, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke under this Rule or Rule 18-2a. Exception: If a player incurs a penalty for failing to act in accordance with Rule 5-3 or 12-2, there is no additional penalty under Rule 20-1. Note: The position of a ball to be lifted should be marked by placing a ball-marker, a small coin or other similar object immediately behind the ball. If the ball-marker interferes with the play, stance or stroke of another player, it should be placed one or more clubhead-lengths to one side.*PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 20-1, 20-2 or 20-3:Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes. *If a player makes a stroke at a ball substituted under one of these Rules when such substitution is not permitted, he incurs the general penalty for breach of that Rule, but there is no additional penalty under that Rule. If a player drops a ball in an improper manner and plays from a wrong place or if the ball has been put into play by a person not permitted by the Rules and then played from a wrong place, see Note 3 to Rule 20-7c.

•  Dropping and Re-Dropping 

          a.) By Whom and How - A ball to be dropped under the Rules must be dropped by the player himself. He must stand erect, hold the ball at shoulder height and arm’s length and drop it. If a ball is dropped by any other person or in any other manner and the error is not corrected as provided in Rule 20-6, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke. If the ball, when dropped, touches any person or the equipment of any player before or after it strikes a part of the course and before it comes to rest, the ball must be re-dropped, without penalty. There is no limit to the number of times a ball must be re-dropped in these circumstances. (Taking action to influence position or movement of ball – see Rule 1-2)

         b). Where to Drop - When a ball is to be dropped as near as possible to a specific spot, it must be dropped not nearer the hole than the specific spot which, if it is not precisely known to the player, must be estimated. A ball when dropped must first strike a part of the course where the applicable Rule requires it to be dropped. If it is not so dropped, Rules 20-6 and 20-7 apply. 

        c.) When to Re-Drop - A dropped ball must be re-dropped, without penalty, if it:
                           (i) rolls into and comes to rest in a hazard; 
                           (ii) rolls out of and comes to rest outside a hazard;
                          (iii) rolls onto and comes to rest on a putting green;
                          (iv) rolls and comes to rest out of bounds; 
                          (v) rolls to and comes to rest in a position where there is interference by the condition from which relief was taken under Rule 24-2b (immovable obstruction), Rule 25-1 (abnormal ground conditions), Rule 25-3 (wrong putting green) or a Local Rule (Rule 33-8a), or rolls back into the pitch-mark from which it was lifted under Rule 25-2 (embedded ball); 

                         (vi) rolls and comes to rest more than two club-lengths from where it first struck a part of the course; or 

                        (vii) rolls and comes to rest nearer the hole than:
                                     (a) its original position or estimated position (see Rule 20-2b) unless otherwise permitted by the Rules; or
                                     (b) the nearest point of relief or maximum available relief (Rule 24-2, 25-1 or 25-3); or 
                      (vii) rolls and comes to rest nearer the hole than: 
                                   (a) its original position or estimated position (see Rule 20-2b) unless otherwise permitted by the Rules; or
                                  (b) the nearest point of relief or maximum available relief (Rule 24-2, 25-1 or 25-3); or 

                                 (c) the point where the original ball last crossed the margin of the water hazard or lateral water hazard (Rule 26-1). If the ball when re-dropped rolls into any position listed above, it must be placed as near as possible to the spot where it first struck a part of the course when re-dropped.

Note 1: If a ball when dropped or re-dropped comes to rest and subsequently moves, the ball must be played as it lies, unless the provisions of any other Rule apply.
Note 2: If a ball to be re-dropped or placed under this Rule is not immediately recoverable, another ball may be substituted. (Use of dropping zone - see Appendix 1, Part B, Section 8)PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 20-1, 20-2 or 20-3: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. *If a player makes a stroke at a ball substituted under one of these Rules when such substitution is not permitted, he incurs the general penalty for breach of that Rule, but there is no additional penalty under that Rule. If a player drops a ball in an improper manner and plays from a wrong place or if the ball has been put into play by a person not permitted by the Rules and then played from a wrong place, see Note 3 to Rule 20-7c.

•  Placing and Replacing 

 a.) By Whom and Where -  A ball to be placed under the Rules must be placed by the player or his partner. A ball to be replaced under the Rules must be replaced by any one of the following:

             (i) the person who lifted or moved the ball
             (ii) the player, or
             (iii) the player's partner.

       The ball must be placed on the spot from which it was lifted or moved. If the ball is placed or replaced by any other person and the error is not corrected as provided in Rule 20-6, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke. In any such case, the player is responsible for any other breach of the Rules that occurs as a result of the placing or replacing of the ball. If a ball or ball-marker is accidentally moved in the process of placing or replacing the ball, the ball or ball-marker must be replaced. There is no penalty, provided the movement of the ball or ball-marker is directly attributable to the specific act of placing or replacing the ball or removing the ball-marker. Otherwise, the player incurs a penalty of one stroke under Rule 18-2a or 20-1. If a ball to be replaced is placed other than on the spot from which it was lifted or moved and the error is not corrected as provided in Rule 20-6, the player incurs the general penalty, loss of hole in match play or two strokes in stroke play, for a breach of the applicable Rule.    

b.) Lie of Ball to be Placed or Replaced Altered - If the original lie of a ball to be placed or replaced has been altered:

             (i) except in a hazard, the ball must be placed in the nearest lie most similar to the original lie that is not more than one club-length from the original lie, not nearer the hole and not in a hazard;

            (ii) in a water hazard, the ball must be placed in accordance with Clause (i) above, except that the ball must be placed in the water hazard; 

           (iii) in a bunker, the original lie must be re-created as nearly as possible and the ball must be placed in that lie. Note: If the original lie of a ball to be placed or replaced has been altered and it is impossible to determine the spot where the ball is to be placed or replaced, Rule 20-3b applies if the original lie is known, and Rule 20-3c applies if the original lie is not known.Exceptions: If the player is searching for or identifying a ball covered by sand - see Rule 12-1a.

 

c.) Spot Not Determinable - If it is impossible to determine the spot where the ball is to be placed or replaced:

           (i) through the green, the ball must be dropped as near as possible to the place where it lay but not in a hazard or on a putting green;

          (ii) in a hazard, the ball must be dropped in the hazard as near as possible to the place where it lay;

         (iii) on the putting green, the ball must be placed as near as possible to the place where it lay but not in a hazard.Exception: When resuming play (Rule 6-8d), if the spot where the ball is to be placed is impossible to determine, it must be estimated and the ball placed on the estimated spot.

 

d.) Ball Fails to Come to Rest on Spot - If a ball when placed fails to come to rest on the spot on which it was placed, there is no penalty and the ball must be replaced. If it still fails to come to rest on that spot: 

           (i) except in a hazard, it must be placed at the nearest spot where it can be placed at rest that is not nearer the hole and not in a hazard;

          (ii) in a hazard, it must be placed in the hazard at the nearest spot where it can be placed at rest that is not nearer the hole. If a ball when placed comes to rest on the spot on which it is placed, and it subsequently moves, there is no penalty and the ball must be played as it lies, unless the provisions of any other Rule apply. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 20-1, 20-2 or 20-3:Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. *If a player makes a stroke at a ball substituted under one of these Rules when such substitution is not permitted, he incurs the general penalty for breach of that Rule, but there is no additional penalty under that Rule. If a player drops a ball in an improper manner and plays from a wrong place or if the ball has been put into play by a person not permitted by the Rules and then played from a wrong place, see Note 3 to Rule 20-7c.

• When Ball Dropped or Placed is in Play - If the player’s ball in play has been lifted, it is again in play when dropped or placed. A substituted ball becomes the ball in play when it has been dropped or placed. (Ball incorrectly substituted – see Rule 15-2) (Lifting ball incorrectly substituted, dropped or placed – see Rule 20-6)

• Making Next Stroke from Where Previous Stroke Made - When a player elects or is required to make his next stroke from where a previous stroke was made, he must proceed as follows: 

            (a) On the Teeing Ground: The ball to be played must be played from within the teeing ground. It may be played from anywhere within the teeing ground and may be teed.

           (b) Through the Green: The ball to be played must be dropped and when dropped must first strike a part of the course through the green.

           (c) In a Hazard: The ball to be played must be dropped and when dropped must first strike a part of the course in the hazard. 

           (d) On the Putting Green: The ball to be played must be placed on the putting green. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 20-5: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

•  Lifting Ball Incorrectly Substituted, Dropped or Placed - A ball incorrectly substituted, dropped or placed in a wrong place or otherwise not in accordance with the Rules but not played may be lifted, without penalty, and the player must then proceed correctly.

•  Playing from Wrong Place 

 a.) General- A player has played from a wrong place if he makes a stroke at his ball in play:              
               (i) on a part of the course where the Rules do not permit a stroke to be made or a ball to be dropped or placed; or
              (ii) when the Rules require a dropped ball to be re-dropped or a moved ball to be replaced. Note: For a ball played from outside the teeing ground or from a wrong teeing ground – see Rule 11-4. 

b.) Match Play - If a player makes a stroke from a wrong place, he loses the hole. 

c.) Stroke Play - If a competitor makes a stroke from a wrong place, he incurs a penalty of two strokes under the applicable Rule. He must play out the hole with the ball played from the wrong place, without correcting his error, provided he has not committed a serious breach (see Note 1). If a competitor becomes aware that he has played from a wrong place and believes that he may have committed a serious breach, he must, before making a stroke on the next teeing ground, play out the hole with a second ball played in accordance with the Rules. If the hole being played is the last hole of the round, he must declare, before leaving the putting green, that he will play out the hole with a second ball played in accordance with the Rules. If the competitor has played a second ball, he must report the facts to the Committee before returning his score card; if he fails to do so, he is disqualified. The Committee must determine whether the competitor has committed a serious breach of the applicable Rule. If he has, the score with the second ball counts and the competitor must add two penalty strokes to his score with that ball. If the competitor has committed a serious breach and has failed to correct it as outlined above, he is disqualified. Note 1: A competitor is deemed to have committed a serious breach of the applicable Rule if the Committee considers he has gained a significant advantage as a result of playing from a wrong place.

 

Note 2: If a competitor plays a second ball under Rule 20-7c and it is ruled not to count, strokes made with that ball and penalty strokes incurred solely by playing that ball are disregarded. If the second ball is ruled to count, the stroke made from the wrong place and any strokes subsequently taken with the original ball including penalty strokes incurred solely by playing that ball are disregarded.

Note 3: If a player incurs a penalty for making a stroke from a wrong place, there is no additional penalty for:

            (a) substituting a ball when not permitted;

           (b) dropping a ball when the Rules require it to be placed, or placing a ball when the Rules require it to be dropped; 

           (c) dropping a ball in an improper manner; or

           (d) a ball being put into play by a person not permitted to do so under the Rules. 

21.  Cleaning Ball 

• A ball on the putting green may be cleaned when lifted under Rule 16-1b. Elsewhere, a ball may be cleaned when lifted, except when it has been lifted: a.) To determine if it is unfit for play (Rule 5-3);b.) For identification (Rule 12-2), in which case it may be cleaned only to the extent necessary for identification; or  c.) Because it is assisting or interfering with play (Rule 22). 

Exception:
If a player incurs a penalty for failing to act in accordance with Rule 5-3, 12-2 or 22, there is no additional penalty under Rule 21.

22. Ball Assisting or Interfering With play 

• Ball Assisting Play - Except when a ball is in motion, if a player considers that a ball might assist any other player, he may: a.) Lift the ball if it is his ball; or b.) Have any other ball lifted. A ball lifted under this Rule must be replaced (see Rule 20-3). The ball must not be cleaned, unless it lies on the putting green (see Rule 21). In stroke play, a player required to lift his ball may play first rather than lift the ball. In stroke play, if the Committee determines that competitors have agreed not to lift a ball that might assist any competitor, they are disqualified. Note: When another ball is in motion, a ball that might influence the movement of the ball in motion must not be lifted. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE:Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes.

• Ball Interfering with Play - Except when a ball is in motion, if a player considers that another ball might interfere with his play, he may have it lifted. A ball lifted under this Rule must be replaced (see Rule 20-3). The ball must not be cleaned, unless it lies on the putting green (see Rule 21). In stroke play, a player required to lift his ball may play first rather than lift the ball. Note 1: Except on the putting green, a player may not lift his ball solely because he considers that it might interfere with the play of another player. If a player lifts his ball without being asked to do so, he incurs a penalty of one stroke for a breach of Rule 18-2a, but there is no additional penalty under Rule 22. Note 2: When another ball is in motion, a ball that might influence the movement of the ball in motion must not be lifted. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE:Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

23. Loose Impediments 

• Relief - Except when both the loose impediment and the ball lie in or touch the same hazard, any loose impediment may be removed without penalty. If the ball lies anywhere other than on the putting green and the removal of a loose impediment by the player causes the ball to move, Rule 18-2a applies. On the putting green, if the ball or ball-marker is accidentally moved in the process of the player removing a loose impediment, the ball or ball-marker must be replaced. There is no penalty, provided the movement of the ball or ball-marker is directly attributable to the removal of the loose impediment. Otherwise, if the player causes the ball to move, he incurs a penalty of one stroke under Rule 18-2a. When a ball is in motion, a loose impediment that might influence the movement of the ball must not be removed. Note: If the ball lies in a hazard, the player must not touch or move any loose impediment lying in or touching the same hazard - see Rule 13-4c. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE:Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes. (Searching for ball in hazard - see Rule 12-1) (Touching line of putt - see Rule 16-1a)

24. Obstruction 

• Movable Obstruction - A player may take relief, without penalty, from a movable obstruction as follows: a.) If the ball does not lie in or on the obstruction, the obstruction may be removed. If the ball moves, it must be replaced, and there is no penalty, provided that the movement of the ball is directly attributable to the removal of the obstruction. Otherwise, Rule 18-2a applies. b.) If the ball lies in or on the obstruction, the ball may be lifted and the obstruction removed. The ball must through the green or in a hazard be dropped, or on the putting green be placed, as near as possible to the spot directly under the place where the ball lay in or on the obstruction, but not nearer the hole. The ball may be cleaned when lifted under this Rule. When a ball is in motion, an obstruction that might influence the movement of the ball, other than equipment of any player or the flagstick when attended, removed or held up, must not be moved (Exerting influence on ball – see Rule 1-2) Note: If a ball to be dropped or placed under this Rule is not immediately recoverable, another ball may be substituted. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

• Immovable Obstruction - Interference by an immovable obstruction occurs when a ball lies in or on the obstruction, or when the obstruction interferes with the player’s stance or the area of his intended swing. If the player’s ball lies on the putting green, interference also occurs if an immovable obstruction on the putting green intervenes on his line of putt. Otherwise, intervention on the line of play is not, of itself, interference under this Rule. b.) 

• Relief - Except when the ball is in a water hazard or a lateral water hazard, a player may take relief from interference by an immovable obstruction as follows: (i) Through the Green: If the ball lies through the green, the player must lift the ball and drop it, without penalty, within one club-length of and not nearer the hole than the nearest point of relief. The nearest point of relief must not be in a hazard or on a putting green. When the ball is dropped within one club-length of the nearest point of relief, the ball must first strike a part of the course at a spot that avoids interference by the immovable obstruction and is not in a hazard and not on a putting green. (ii) In a Bunker: If the ball is in a bunker, the player must lift the ball and drop it either: (a) Without penalty, in accordance with Clause (i) above, except that the nearest point of relief must be in the bunker and the ball must be dropped in the bunker; or (b) Under penalty of one stroke, outside the bunker keeping the point where the ball lay directly between the hole and the spot on which the ball is dropped, with no limit to how far behind the bunker the ball may be dropped. (iii) On the Putting Green: If the ball lies on the putting green, the player must lift the ball and place it, without penalty, at the nearest point of relief that is not in a hazard. The nearest point of relief may be off the putting green. (iv) On the Teeing Ground: If the ball lies on the teeing ground, the player must lift the ball and drop it, without penalty, in accordance with Clause (i) above. The ball may be cleaned when lifted under this Rule. (Ball rolling to a position where there is interference by the condition from which relief was taken – see Rule 20-2c(v)) Exception: A player may not take relief under this Rule if (a) interference by anything other than an immovable obstruction makes the stroke clearly impracticable or (b) interference by an immovable obstruction would occur only through use of a clearly unreasonable stroke or an unnecessarily abnormal stance, swing or direction of play. Note 1: If a ball is in a water hazard (including a lateral water hazard), the player may not take relief from interference by an immovable obstruction. The player must play the ball as it lies or proceed under Rule 26-1. Note 2: If a ball to be dropped or placed under this Rule is not immediately recoverable, another ball may be substituted. Note 3: The Committee may make a Local Rule stating that the player must determine the nearest point of relief without crossing over, through or under the obstruction. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes.

• Ball in Obstruction Not Found - It is a question of fact whether a ball that has not been found after having been struck toward an obstruction is in the obstruction. In order to apply this Rule, it must be known or virtually certain that the ball is in the obstruction. In the absence of such knowledge or certainty, the player must proceed under Rule 27-1.

         a.) Ball in Movable Obstruction Not Found - If it is known or virtually certain that a ball that has not been found is in a movable obstruction, the player may substitute another ball and take relief, without penalty, under this Rule. If he elects to do so , he must remove the obstruction and through the green or in a hazard drop a ball, or on the putting green place a ball, as near as possible to the spot directly under the place where the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the movable obstruction, but not nearer the hole. 

        b.) Ball in Immovable Obstruction Not Found - If it is known or virtually certain that a ball that has not been found is in an immovable obstruction, the player may take relief under this Rule. If he elects to do so, the spot where the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the obstruction must be determined and, for the purpose of applying this Rule, the ball is deemed to lie at this spot and the player must proceed as follows: (i) Through the Green: If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the immovable obstruction at a spot through the green, the player may substitute another ball, without penalty, and take relief as prescribed in Rule 24-2b(i). (ii) In a Bunker: If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the immovable obstruction at a spot in a bunker, the player may substitute another ball, without penalty, and take relief as prescribed in Rule 24-2b(ii). (iii) In a Water Hazard (including a Lateral Water Hazard): If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the immovable obstruction at a spot in a water hazard, the player is not entitled to relief without penalty. The player must proceed under Rule 26-1. (iv) On the Putting Green: If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the immovable obstruction at a spot on the putting green, the player may substitute another ball, without penalty, and take relief as prescribed in Rule 24-2b(iii). PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

 25. Abnormal Ground Conditions; Embedded Ball and Wrong Putting Green

• Abnormal Ground Conditions 

           a.) Interference -Interference by an abnormal ground condition occurs when a ball lies in or touches the condition or when the condition interferes with the player’s stance or the area of his intended swing. If the player’s ball lies on the putting green, interference also occurs if an abnormal ground condition on the putting green intervenes on his line of putt. Otherwise, intervention on the line of play is not, of itself, interference under this Rule. Note: The Committee may make a Local Rule stating that interference by an abnormal ground condition with a player’s stance is deemed not to be, of itself, interference under this Rule.

        b.) Relief - Except when the ball is in a water hazard or a lateral water hazard, a player may take relief from interference by an abnormal ground condition as follows: (i) Through the Green: If the ball lies through the green, the player must lift the ball and drop it, without penalty, within one club-length of and not nearer the hole than the nearest point of relief. The nearest point of relief must not be in a hazard or on a putting green. When the ball is dropped within one club-length of the nearest point of relief, the ball must first strike a part of the course at a spot that avoids interference by the condition and is not in a hazard and not on a putting green. (ii) In a Bunker: If the ball is in a bunker, the player must lift the ball and drop it either: (a) Without penalty, in accordance with Clause (i) above, except that the nearest point of relief must be in the bunker and the ball must be dropped in the bunker or, if complete relief is impossible, as near as possible to the spot where the ball lay, but not nearer the hole, on a part of the course in the bunker that affords maximum available relief from the condition; or (b) Under penalty of one stroke, outside the bunker keeping the point where the ball lay directly between the hole and the spot on which the ball is dropped, with no limit to how far behind the bunker the ball may be dropped. (iii) On the Putting Green: If the ball lies on the putting green, the player must lift the ball and place it, without penalty, at the nearest point of relief that is not in a hazard or, if complete relief is impossible, at the nearest position to where it lay that affords maximum available relief from the condition, but not nearer the hole and not in a hazard. The nearest point of relief or maximum available relief may be off the putting green. (iv) On the Teeing Ground: If the ball lies on the teeing ground, the player must lift the ball and drop it, without penalty, in accordance with Clause (i) above. The ball may be cleaned when lifted under Rule 25-1b. (Ball rolling to a position where there is interference by the condition from which relief was taken – see Rule 20-2c(v)) Exception: A player may not take relief under this Rule if (a) interference by anything other than an abnormal ground condition makes the stroke clearly impracticable or (b) interference by an abnormal ground condition would occur only through use of a clearly unreasonable stroke or an unnecessarily abnormal stance, swing or direction of play. Note 1: If a ball is in a water hazard (including a lateral water hazard), the player is not entitled to relief, without penalty, from interference by an abnormal ground condition. The player must play the ball as it lies (unless prohibited by Local Rule) or proceed under Rule 26-1. Note 2: If a ball to be dropped or placed under this Rule is not immediately recoverable, another ball may be substituted.

  

       c.) Ball in Abnormal Ground Condition Not Found - It is a question of fact whether a ball that has not been found after having been struck toward an abnormal ground condition is in such a condition. In order to apply this Rule, it must be known or virtually certain that the ball is in the abnormal ground condition. In the absence of such knowledge or certainty, the player must proceed under Rule 27-1. If it is known or virtually certain that a ball that has not been found is in an abnormal ground condition, the player may take relief under this Rule. If he elects to do so, the spot where the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the abnormal ground condition must be determined and, for the purpose of applying this Rule, the ball is deemed to lie at this spot and the player must proceed as follows: (i) Through the Green: If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the abnormal ground condition at a spot through the green, the player may substitute another ball, without penalty, and take relief as prescribed in Rule 25-1b(i). (i) Through the Green: If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the abnormal ground condition at a spot through the green, the player may substitute another ball, without penalty, and take relief as prescribed in Rule 25-1b(i).(ii) In a Bunker: If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the abnormal ground condition at a spot in a bunker, the player may substitute another ball, without penalty, and take relief as prescribed in Rule 25-1b(ii). (iii) In a Water Hazard (including a Lateral Water Hazard): If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the abnormal ground condition at a spot in a water hazard, the player is not entitled to relief without penalty. The player must proceed under Rule 26-1. (iv) On the Putting Green: If the ball last crossed the outermost limits of the abnormal ground condition at a spot on the putting green, the player may substitute another ball, without penalty, and take relief as prescribed in Rule 25-1b(iii). PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes.

•  Embedded Ball - A ball embedded in its own pitch-mark in the ground in any closely mown area through the green may be lifted, cleaned and dropped, without penalty, as near as possible to the spot where it lay but not nearer the hole. The ball when dropped must first strike a part of the course through the green. “Closely-mown area” means any area of the course, including paths through the rough, cut to fairway height or less. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

• Wrong Putting Green - a.) Interference-Interference by a wrong putting green occurs when a ball is on the wrong putting green. Interference to a player’s stance or the area of his intended swing is not, of itself, interference under this Rule. b.) Relief - If a player’s ball lies on a wrong putting green, he must not play the ball as it lies. He must take relief, without penalty, as follows: The player must lift the ball and drop it within one club-length of and not nearer the hole than the nearest point of relief. The nearest point of relief must not be in a hazard or on a putting green. When dropping the ball within one club-length of the nearest point of relief, the ball must first strike a part of the course at a spot that avoids interference by the wrong putting green and is not in a hazard and not on a putting green. The ball may be cleaned when lifted under this Rule. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

26. Water Hazards (Including Lateral Water Hazards)

• Relief for Ball in Water Hazard-It is a question of fact whether a ball that has not been found after having been struck toward a water hazard is in the hazard. In the absence of knowledge or virtual certainty that a ball struck toward a water hazard, but not found, is in the hazard, the player must proceed under Rule 27-1. If a ball is found in the water hazard or if it is known or virtually certain that a ball that has not been found is in the water hazard (whether the ball lies in water or not), the player may under penalty of one stroke: a. )Proceed under the stroke and distance provision of Rule 27-1 by playing a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5); or b.) Drop a ball behind the water hazard, keeping the point at which the original ball last crossed the margin of the water hazard directly between the hole and the spot on which the ball is dropped, with no limit to how far behind the water hazard the ball may be dropped; or c.) As additional options available only if the ball last crossed the margin of a lateral water hazard, drop a ball outside the water hazard within two club-lengths of and not nearer the hole than (i) the point where the original ball last crossed the margin of the water hazard or (ii) a point on the opposite margin of the water hazard equidistant from the hole. When proceeding under this Rule, the player may lift and clean his ball or substitute a ball. (Prohibited actions when ball is in a hazard – see Rule 13-4)(Ball moving in water in a water hazard – see Rule 14-6) PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

• Ball Played Within Water Hazard - a. Ball Comes to Rest in Same or Another Water Hazard - If a ball played from within a water hazard comes to rest in the same or another water hazard after the stroke, the player may: (i) proceed under Rule 26-1a. If, after dropping in the hazard, the player elects not to play the dropped ball, he may: (a) proceed under Rule 26-1b, or if applicable Rule 26-1c, adding the additional penalty of one stroke prescribed by the Rule and using as the reference point the point where the original ball last crossed the margin of this hazard before it came to rest in this hazard; or (b) add an additional penalty of one stroke and play a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the last stroke from outside a water hazard was made (see Rule 20-5); or (ii) proceed under Rule 26-1b, or if applicable Rule 26-1c; or (iii) under penalty of one stroke, play a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the last stroke from outside a water hazard was made (see Rule 20-5). (ii) proceed under Rule 26-1b, or if applicable Rule 26-1c, adding the additional penalty of one stroke prescribed by the Rule and using as the reference point the point where the original ball last crossed the margin of the hazard before it came to rest in the hazard; or (iii) add an additional penalty of one stroke and play a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the last stroke from outside a water hazard was made (see Rule 20-5). Note 1: When proceeding under Rule 26-2b, the player is not required to drop a ball under Rule 27-1 or 28a. If he does drop a ball, he is not required to play it. He may alternatively proceed under Rule 26-2b(ii) or (iii). Note 2: If a ball played from within a water hazard is deemed unplayable outside the hazard, nothing in Rule 26-2b precludes the player from proceeding under Rule 28b or c. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes. 

27.Ball Lost or Out of Bounds; Provisional Ball 

• Stroke and Distance; Ball Out of Bounds; Ball Not Found Within Five Minutes - a.) Proceeding Under Stroke and Distance - At any time, a player may, under penalty of one stroke, play a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5), i.e. proceed under penalty of stroke and distance. Except as otherwise provided in the Rules, if a player makes a stroke at a ball from the spot at which the original ball was last played, he is deemed to have proceeded under penalty of stroke and distance. b.) Ball Out of Bounds If a ball is out of bounds, the player must play a ball, under penalty of one stroke, as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5). c.) Ball Not Found Within Five Minutes - If a ball is lost as a result of not being found or identified as his by the player within five minutes after the player's side or his or their caddies have begun to search for it, the player must play a ball, under penalty of one stroke, as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5). Exception: If it is known or virtually certain that the original ball, that has not been found, has been moved by an outside agency (Rule 18-1), is in an obstruction (Rule 24-3), is in an abnormal ground condition (Rule 25-1) or is in a water hazard (Rule 26-1), the player may proceed under the applicable Rule. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE 27-1: Match play - Loss of hole; Stroke play - Two strokes. 

• Provisional Ball - a. Procedure - If a ball may be lost outside a water hazard or may be out of bounds, to save time the player may play another ball provisionally in accordance with Rule 27-1. The player must inform his opponent in match play or his marker or a fellow-competitor in stroke play that he intends to play a provisional ball, and he must play it before he or his partner goes forward to search for the original ball. If he fails to do so and plays another ball, that ball is not a provisional ball and becomes the ball in play under penalty of stroke and distance (Rule 27-1); the original ball is lost. (Order of play from teeing ground - see Rule 10-3) Note: If a provisional ball played under Rule 27-2a might be lost outside a water hazard or out of bounds, the player may play another provisional ball. If another provisional ball is played, it bears the same relationship to the previous provisional ball as the first provisional ball bears to the original ball. b.) When Provisional Ball Becomes Ball in Play - The player may play a provisional ball until he reaches the place where the original ball is likely to be. If he makes a stroke with the provisional ball from the place where the original ball is likely to be or from a point nearer the hole than that place, the original ball is lost and the provisional ball becomes the ball in play under penalty of stroke and distance (Rule 27-1).  If the original ball is lost outside a water hazard or is out of bounds, the provisional ball becomes the ball in play, under penalty of stroke and distance (Rule 27-1).  Exception: If it is known or virtually certain that the original ball, that has not been found, has been moved by an outside agency (Rule 18-1), or is in an obstruction (Rule 24-3) or an abnormal ground condition (Rule 25-1c), the player may proceed under the applicable Rule c.) When Provisional Ball to be Abandoned - If the original ball is neither lost nor out of bounds, the player must abandon the provisional ball and continue playing with the original ball. If it is known or virtually certain that the original ball is in a water hazard, the player may proceed in accordance with Rule 26-1. In either situation, if the player makes any further strokes at the provisional ball, he is playing a wrong ball and the provisions of Rule 15-3 apply. Note: If a player plays a provisional ball under Rule 27-2a, the strokes made after this Rule has been invoked with a provisional ball subsequently abandoned under Rule 27-2c and penalties incurred solely by playing that ball are disregarded.

28. Ball Unplayable 

• Ball Unplayable - The player may deem his ball unplayable at any place on the course, except when the ball is in a water hazard. The player is the sole judge as to whether his ball is unplayable. If the player deems his ball to be unplayable, he must, under penalty of one stroke: a.) Proceed under the stroke and distance provision of Rule 27-1 by playing a ball as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5); or b.) Drop a ball behind the point where the ball lay, keeping that point directly between the hole and the spot on which the ball is dropped, with no limit to how far behind that point the ball may be dropped; or c.) Drop a ball within two club-lengths of the spot where the ball lay, but not nearer the hole. If the unplayable ball is in a bunker, the player may proceed under Clause a, b or c. If he elects to proceed under Clause b or c, a ball must be dropped in the bunker. When proceeding under this Rule, the player may lift and clean his ball or substitute a ball. PENALTY FOR BREACH OF RULE: Match play – Loss of hole; Stroke play – Two strokes.

29. Threesomes and Foursomes 

• General - In a threesome or a foursome, during any stipulated round the partners must play alternately from the teeing grounds and alternately during the play of each hole. Penalty strokes do not affect the order of play.

• Match Play - If a player plays when his partner should have played, his side loses the hole.

• Stroke Play - If the partners make a stroke or strokes in incorrect order, such stroke or strokes are cancelled and the side incurs a penalty of two strokes. The side must correct the error by playing a ball in correct order as nearly as possible at the spot from which it first played in incorrect order (see Rule 20-5). If the side makes a stroke on the next teeing ground without first correcting the error or, in the case of the last hole of the round, leaves the putting green without declaring its intention to correct the error, the side is disqualified.

30. Three-Ball, Best-Ball and Four-ball Match Play 

• General - The Rules of Golf, so far as they are not at variance with the following specific Rules, apply to three-ball, best-ball and four-ball matches.

• Three-Ball Match Play - a. Ball at Rest Moved or Purposely Touched by an Opponent - If an opponent incures a penalty stroke under Rule 18-3b, that penalty is incurred only in the match with the player whose ball was touched or moved. No penalty is incurred in his match with the other player. b.) Ball Deflected or Stopped by an Opponent Accidentally - If a player’s ball is accidentally deflected or stopped by an opponent, his caddie or equipment, there is no penalty. In his match with that opponent the player may, before another stroke is made by either side, cancel the stroke and play a ball, without penalty, as nearly as possible at the spot from which the original ball was last played (see Rule 20-5) or he may play the ball as it lies. In his match with the other opponent, the ball must be played as it lies. Exception: Ball striking person attending or holding up flagstick or anything carried by him – see Rule 17-3b. (Ball purposely deflected or stopped by opponent – see Rule 1-2)

• Best-Ball and Four-Ball Match Play - a. Representation of Side - A side may be represented by one partner for all or any part of a match; all partners need not be present. An absent partner may join a match between holes, but not during play of a hole. b.) Order of Play - Balls belonging to the same side may be played in the order the side considers best. c.) Wrong Ball - If a player incurs the loss of hole penalty under Rule 15-3a for making a stroke at a wrong ball, he is disqualified for that hole, but his partner incurs no penalty even if the wrong ball belongs to him. If the wrong ball belongs to another player, its owner must place a ball on the spot from which the wrong ball was first played. (Placing and Replacing – see Rule 20-3) d. Penalty to Side A side is penalised for a breach of any of the following by any partner: Rule 4 - Clubs Rule 6-4 - Caddie Any Local Rule or Condition of Competition for which the penalty is an adjustment to the state of the match. e. Disqualification of Side (i) A side is disqualified if any partner incurs a penalty of disqualification under any of the following: • Rule 1-3 - Agreement to Waive the Rules• Rule 4 - Clubs • Rule 5-1 or 5-2 - The Ball• Rule 6-2a - Handicap • Rule 6-4 - Caddie• Rule 6-7 - Undue Delay; Slow Play • Rule 11-1 - Teeing • Rule 14-3 - Artificial Devices, Unusual Equipment and Unusual Use of Equipment • Rule 33-7 - Disqualification Penalty Imposed by Committee (ii) A side is disqualified if all partners incur a penalty of disqualification under any of the following: • Rule 6-3 - Time of Starting and Groups • Rule 6-8 - Discontinuance of Play (iii) In all other cases where a breach of a Rule would result in disqualification, the player is disqualified for that hole only. 

31. Four- Ball Stroke Play

• General - The Rules of Golf, so far as they are not at variance with the following specific Rules, apply to four-ball stroke play.

• Representation of Side - A side may be represented by either partner for all or any part of a stipulated round; both partners need not be present. An absent competitor may join his partner between holes, but not during play of a hole.

• Scoring - The marker is required to record for each hole only the gross score of whichever partner’s score is to count. The gross scores to count must be individually identifiable; otherwise, the side is disqualified. Only one of the partners need be responsible for complying with Rule 6-6b.

• Order of Play - Balls belonging to the same side may be played in the order the side considers best.

• Wrong Ball - If a competitor is in breach of Rule 15-3b for making a stroke at a wrong ball, he incurs a penalty of two strokes and must correct his mistake by playing the correct ball or by proceeding under the Rules. His partner incurs no penalty, even if the wrong ball belongs to him. If the wrong ball belongs to another competitor, its owner must place a ball on the spot from which the wrong ball was first played.

• Penalty to Side - A side is penalised for a breach of any of the following by any partner: Rule 4 - ClubsRule  6-4 - Caddie Any Local Rule or Condition of Competition for which there is a maximum penalty per round.

• Disqualification Penalties - a. Breach by One Partner -A side is disqualified from the competition if either partner incurs a penalty of disqualification under any of the following: Rule 1-3 - Agreement to Waive Rules Rule 3-4 - Refusal to Comply with a Rule Rule 4 - Clubs Rule 5-1 or 5-2 - The Ball Rule 6-2b - Handicap Rule 6-4 - Caddie Rule 6-6b - Signing and Returning Score Card Rule 6-6d - Wrong Score for Hole Rule 6-7 - Undue Delay; Slow Play Rule 7-1 - Practice Before or Between Rounds Rule 10-2c - Sides Agree to Play Out of Turn Rule 14-3 - Artificial Devices, Unusual Equipment and Unusual Use of Equipment Rule 22-1 - Ball Assisting Play Rule 31-3 - Gross Scores to Count Not Individually Identifiable Rule 33-7 - Disqualification Penalty Imposed by Committee b.) Breach by Both Partners A side is disqualified from the competition:  (i) if each partner incurs a penalty of disqualification for a breach of Rule 6-3 (Time of Starting and Groups) or Rule 6-8 (Discontinuance of Play), or  (ii) if, at the same hole, each partner is in breach of a Rule the penalty for which is disqualification from the competition or for a hole. c.) For the Hole Only - In all other cases where a breach of a Rule would result in disqualification, the competitor is disqualified only for the hole at which the breach occurred.

• Effect of Other Penalties - If a competitor’s breach of a Rule assists his partner’s play, the partner incurs the applicable penalty in addition to any penalty incurred by the competitor. In all other cases where a competitor incurs a penalty for breach of a Rule, the penalty does not apply to his partner.

32. Bogey, Par and Stableford Competitions

• Conditions -Bogey, par and Stableford competitions are forms of stroke play in which play is against a fixed score at each hole. The Rules for stroke play, so far as they are not at variance with the following specific Rules, apply. In handicap bogey, par and Stableford competitions, the competitor with the lowest net score at a hole takes the honour at the next teeing ground.
            
  a.) Bogey and Par Competitions -The scoring for bogey and par competitions is made as in match play. Any hole for which a competitor makes no return is regarded as a loss. The winner is the competitor who is most successful in the aggregate of holes. The marker is responsible for marking only the gross number of strokes for each hole where the competitor makes a net score equal to or less than the fixed score.
 
Note 1: The competitor’s score is adjusted by deducting a hole or holes under the applicable Rule when a penalty other than disqualification is incurred under any of the following: Rule 4 - Clubs Rule 6-4 - Caddie Any Local Rule or Condition of Competition for which there is a maximum penalty per round. The competitor is responsible for reporting the facts regarding such a breach to the Committee before he returns his score card so that the Committee may apply the penalty. If the competitor fails to report his breach to the Committee, he is disqualified.
 
Note 2: If the competitor is in breach of Rule 6-3a (Time of Starting) but arrives at his starting point, ready to play, within five minutes after his starting time, or is in breach of Rule 6-7 (Undue Delay; Slow Play), the Committee will deduct one hole from the aggregate of holes. For a repeated offence under Rule 6-7, see Rule 32-2a.
 
  b.) Stableford Competitions - The scoring in Stableford competitions is made by points awarded in relation to a fixed score at each hole as follows: Hole Played In More than one over fixed score or no score returned
 
 - 0 pointsOne over fixed score
 - 1 pointFixed score
 - 2 pointsOne under fixed score
 - 3 pointsTwo under fixed score
 - 4 points Three under fixed score
 - 5 points Four under fixed score
 - 6 points The winner is the competitor who scores the highest number of points.
 
The marker is responsible for marking only the gross number of strokes at each hole where the competitor’s net score earns one or more points.
 
Note 1: If a competitor is in breach of a Rule for which there is a maximum penalty per round, he must report the facts to the Committee before returning his score card; if he fails to do so, he is disqualified. The Committee will, from the total points scored for the round, deduct two points for each hole at which any breach occurred, with a maximum deduction per round of four points for each Rule breached.
Note 2: If the competitor is in breach of Rule 6-3a (Time of Starting) but arrives at his starting point, ready to play, within five minutes after his starting time, or is in breach of Rule 6-7 (Undue Delay; Slow Play), the Committee will deduct two points from the total points scored for the round. For a repeated offence under Rule 6-7, see Rule 32-2a.  
Note 3: For the purpose of preventing slow play, the Committee may, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), establish pace of play guidelines, including maximum periods of time allowed to complete a stipulated round, a hole or a stroke. The Committee may, in such a condition, modify the penalty for a breach of this Rule as follows:
First offence – Deduction of one point from the total points scored for the round; Second offence – Deduction of a further two points from the total points scored for the round;
For subsequent offence – Disqualification. 
 
• Disqualification Penalties

a.) From the Competition - A competitor is disqualified from the competition if he incurs a penalty of disqualification under any of the following:

          Rule 1-3 - Agreement to Waive Rules

          Rule 3-4 - Refusal to Comply with a Rule

          Rule 4 - Clubs

          Rule 5-1 or 5-2 - The Ball

          Rule 6-2b - Handicap

          Rule 6-3 - Time of Starting and Groups

          Rule 6-4 - Caddie

          Rule 6-6b - Signing and Returning Score Card

          Rule 6-6d - Wrong Score for Hole, i.e. when the recorded score is lower than actually taken, except that no penalty is incurred when a breach of this Rule does not affect the result of the hole

          Rule 6-7 - Undue Delay; Slow Play

          Rule 6-8 - Discontinuance of Play

          Rule 7-1 - Practice Before or Between Rounds

         Rule 11-1 - Teeing

         Rule 14-3 - Artificial Devices, Unusual Equipment and Unusual Use of Equipment

        Rule 22-1 - Ball Assisting Play Rule 33-7 - Disqualification Penalty Imposed by Committee

 

b.) For a Hole - In all other cases where a breach of a Rule would result in disqualification, the competitor is disqualified only for the hole at which the breach occurred.

33. The Committee 

• Conditions; Waiving Rule - The Committee must establish the conditions under which a competition is to be played. The Committee has no power to waive a Rule of Golf. Certain specific Rules governing stroke play are so substantially different from those governing match play that combining the two forms of play is not practicable and is not permitted. The result of a match played in these circumstances is null and void and, in the stroke play competition, the competitors are disqualified. In stroke play, the Committee may limit a referee’s duties.

• The Course - a.) Defining Bounds and Margins The Committee must define accurately: (i) the course and out of bounds,(ii) the margins of water hazards and lateral water hazards,(iii) ground under repair, and (iv) obstructions and integral parts of the course.b.) New Holes New holes should be made on the day on which a stroke play competition begins and at such other times as the Committee considers necessary, provided all competitors in a single round play with each hole cut in the same position. Exception: When it is impossible for a damaged hole to be repaired so that it conforms with the Definition, the Committee may make a new hole in a nearby similar position. Note: Where a single round is to be played on more than one day, the Committee may provide, in the conditions of a competition (Rule 33-1), that the holes and teeing grounds may be differently situated on each day of the competition, provided that, on any one day, all competitors play with each hole and each teeing ground in the same position. c.) Practice Ground Where there is no practice ground available outside the area of a competition course, the Committee should establish the area on which players may practise on any day of a competition, if it is practicable to do so. On any day of a stroke play competition, the Committee should not normally permit practice on or to a putting green or from a hazard of the competition course.
   d.) Course Unplayable - If the Committee or its authorised representative considers that for any reason the course is not in a playable condition or that there are circumstances that render the proper playing of the game impossible, it may, in match play or stroke play, order a temporary suspension of play or, in stroke play, declare play null and void and cancel all scores for the round in question. When a round is cancelled, all penalties incurred in that round are cancelled. 

• Times of Starting and Groups - The Committee must establish the times of starting and, in stroke play, arrange the groups in which competitors must play. When a match play competition is played over an extended period, the Committee establishes the limit of time within which each round must be completed. When players are allowed to arrange the date of their match within these limits, the Committee should announce that the match must be played at a stated time on the last day of the period, unless the players agree to a prior date.

•  Handicap Stroke Table - The Committee must publish a table indicating the order of holes at which handicap strokes are to be given or received.

• Score Card - In stroke play, the Committee must provide each competitor with a score card containing the date and the competitor’s name or, in foursome or four-ball stroke play, the competitors’ names. In stroke play, the Committee is responsible for the addition of scores and application of the handicap recorded on the score card. In four-ball stroke play, the Committee is responsible for recording the better-ball score for each hole and in the process applying the handicaps recorded on the score card, and adding the better-ball scores. In bogey, par and Stableford competitions, the Committee is responsible for applying the handicap recorded on the score card and determining the result of each hole and the overall result or points total. Note: The Committee may request that each competitor records the date and his name on his score card.

• Decision of Ties -The Committee must announce the manner, day and time for the decision of a halved match or of a tie, whether played on level terms or under handicap. A halved match must not be decided by stroke play. A tie in stroke play must not be decided by a match.

• Disqualification Penalty; Committee Discretion - imposed if the Committee considers such action warranted. Any penalty less than disqualification must not be waived or modified. If a Committee considers that a player is guilty of a serious breach of etiquette, it may impose a penalty of disqualification under this Rule.

• Local Rules - a.) Policy - The Committee may establish Local Rules for local abnormal conditions if they are consistent with the policy set forth in Appendix I. b. )Waiving or Modifying a Rule - A Rule of Golf must not be waived by a Local Rule. However, if a Committee considers that local abnormal conditions interfere with the proper playing of the game to the extent that it is necessary to make a Local Rule that modifies the Rules of Golf, the Local Rule must be authorised by the R&A.

34. Disputes and Decision 

• Claims and Penalties - a.) Match Play - If a claim is lodged with the Committee under Rule 2-5, a decision should be given as soon as possible so that the state of the match may, if necessary, be adjusted. If a claim is not made in accordance with Rule 2-5, it must not be considered by the Committee. There is no time limit on applying the disqualification penalty for a breach of Rule 1-3. b.) Stroke Play - In stroke play, a penalty must not be rescinded, modified or imposed after the competition has closed. A competition is closed when the result has been officially announced or, in stroke play qualifying followed by match play, when the player has teed off in his first match. Exceptions: A penalty of disqualification must be imposed after the competition has closed if a competitor:

                  (i) was in breach of Rule 1-3 (Agreement to Waive Rules); or

               (ii) returned a score card on which he had recorded a handicap that, before the competition closed, he knew was higher than that to which he was entitled, and this affected the number of strokes received (Rule 6-2b); or

              (iii) returned a score for any hole lower than actually taken (Rule 6-6d) for any reason other than failure to include a penalty that, before the competition closed, he did not know he had incurred; or

             (iv) knew, before the competition closed, that he had been in breach of any other Rule for which the penalty is disqualification.

• Referee’s Decision - If a referee has been appointed by the Committee, his decision is final.

• Committee’s Decision - In the absence of a referee, any dispute or doubtful point on the Rules must be referred to the Committee, whose decision is final. If the Committee cannot come to a decision, it may refer the dispute or doubtful point to the Rules of Golf Committee of the R&A, whose decision is final. If the dispute or doubtful point has not been referred to the Rules of Golf Committee, the player or players may request that an agreed statement be referred through a duly authorised representative of the Committee to the Rules of Golf Committee for an opinion as to the correctness of the decision given. The reply will be sent to this authorised representative. If play is conducted other than in accordance with the Rules of Golf, the Rules of Golf Committee will not give a decision on any question.



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